Kamchatka
Топик Камчатка рассказывает о полуострове в северо-восточной части Евразии на территории России. Омывается с запада Охотским морем, с востока — Беринговым морем и Тихим океаном. Полуостров вытянут с севера на юг на 1200 км. Соединяется с материком узким перешейком. Общая площадь полуострова в 10 раз больше площади Крымского полуострова. Восточный берег полуострова сильно изрезан, образует крупные заливы и бухты. Далеко выступают в море скалистые полуострова. Центральную часть полуострова пересекают два параллельных хребта, между ними находится Центральнокамчатская низменность, по которой протекает река Камчатка. Самая южная точка полуострова — мыс Лопатка. На территории полуострова расположен Камчатский край, знаменитый своими вулканами, гейзерами, полезными ископаемыми и природными ресурсами.
Kamchatka, peninsula, 104,200 sq mi (269,878 sq km), Russian Far East, separating the Sea of Okhotsk in the west from the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean in the east. Extending from lat. 51°N to lat. 61°N, it is 750 mi (1,207 km) long and terminates in the south in Cape Lopatka, beyond which lie the Kuril Islands. Petropavlovsk is the chief city. There are many rivers and lakes, and the eastern shore is deeply indented by gulfs and bays. The peninsula's central valley, drained by the Kamchatka River, is enclosed by two parallel volcanic ranges that extend north-south; there are about 120 volcanoes. The highest point is Klyuchevskaya Sopka (15,600 ft/4,755 m), itself an active volcano. Kamchatka is covered with mountain vegetation, except in the central valley and on the west coast, which has peat marshes and tundra like moss. The climate is cold and humid. There are numerous forests, mineral springs and geysers.
Kamchatka's mineral resources include coal, gold, mica, pyrites, sulfur, and tufa. Fishing, sealing, hunting, and lumbering are the main occupations. The seas surrounding the peninsula are a rich Russian fishing area (notably for crabs, which are exported worldwide), and fur trapping on the peninsula yields most of the furs of the Russian Far East. Some cattle raising is carried on in the south and farming (rye, oats, potatoes, vegetables) in the Kamchatka valley and around Petropavlovsk. Reindeer are also raised on the peninsula. Industries include fish processing, shipbuilding, and woodworking. Russia's only geothermal power station is on the peninsula. There is some tourism, particularly in the Kronotsky Nature Reserve, noted for its geysers.
The majority of the population is Russian, with large minorities of Koryak peoples. The northern part of the peninsula is administered as the Koryak Autonomous Area. Its capital is Palana.
The Russian explorer Atlasov visited Kamchatka in 1697. The region's exploration and development continued in the early 18th cent. under Czar Peter I, and Russian conquest was complete by 1732. Heavy Russian colonization occurred in the early 19th cent. From 1926 to 1938, Kamchatka formed part of the Far Eastern Territory. The peninsula is now part of the larger Kamchatka oblast [region], which includes offshore islands and areas of the mainland bordering the penisula. Petropavlovsk is the oblast's capital.